Rails, how to create a scope where a habtm is populated? -

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i have user accounts has habtm relationship companies. users can have 0 companies. write scope users belong 1 or more companies. how can accomplish this?

example model:

class user < activerecord::base   has_and_belongs_to_many :companies   scope :independent,  # ???? end

for no companies:

scope :independent, -> { where(:companies => []) }

for 1 or more companies:

scope :independent, -> { where("companies <> []") }

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